Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf
Light Duty Vehicle Emissions Control A Brief Introduction to the China 6 Emissions Standard. Johnson Matthey Technol. Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf' title='Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf' />Explore careers in Auto Body Repair and learn about auto body repair. Rev. , 2. 01. 7, 6. China has been the worlds largest new vehicle market since 2. Help-Stop-Pollution-Step-5-Version-5.jpg/aid171242-v4-728px-Help-Stop-Pollution-Step-5-Version-5.jpg' alt='Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf' title='Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf' />LDV. In order to reduce emissions and control air pollution China has recently adopted the China 6 emissions standard for LDV which is 5. China 5. Besides strengthening the tailpipe emissions limits, China 6 changes the emissions test driving cycle to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle WLTC, adds real road emissions requirements and significantly strengthens evaporative emissions control. This paper introduces the standard development background, summarises the key technical improvements and discusses the areas for further improvements in future. About%20Parliament/54%20Parliamentary%20Depts/544%20Parliamentary%20Library/BackgroundNotes/2012-13/VehicleFuelStandards-1.gif?la=en' alt='Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf Documents' title='Automotive Pollution And Control Pdf Documents' />Introduction. China has been the worlds largest vehicle market since 2. Figure 1 1, 2. As a result, the vehicle population on the road reached 1. LDV. Vehicular emissions have become the leading contributor to air pollution in Tier I cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hangzhou, and are increasingly contributing to pollution in other cities due to industry relocation and coal consumption control 5, 6. In order to control vehicle emissions and reduce the impacts on air quality and public health, the Ministry of Environmental Protection MEP designated the task of developing the China 6 emissions standards for both LDV and heavy duty vehicles HDV to China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences CRAES in 2. This paper introduces the emissions standard for LDV and summarises the key technical contents. Fig. 1. Annual new vehicle sales in China since 2. In order to complete the task in a short period CRAES formed a core working team including Beijing Institute of Technology, China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Xiamen Environment Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center and Beijing Vehicle Emissions Management Center, and established five technical task groups with more than 4. The five technical tasks included test technologies and facilities, reference fuels, fuel evaporation, test cycles, procedure and limits, and the on board diagnostics OBD system. The standard development process could be divided into four phases the first phase was aimed at aligning opinions on the necessity of developing China 6 and conducting preliminary analysis on some technical issues such as particulate number PN and OBD before 2. January 2. 01. 5 to June 2. July 2. 01. 5 to April 2. May 2. 01. 6 to December 2. On 2. 3rd December 2. MEP and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine AQSIQ jointly published the final China 6 emissions standard for LDV, i. LDV China 6. The standard will be implemented in two phases by 1st July 2. LDVs sold and registered in China must meet China 6a and by 1st July 2. LDVs sold and registered in China must meet China 6b. Key Regulation Improvements. Emissions Test Driving Cycle. China adopted the New European Driving Cycle NEDC as the test cycle from China 1 to China 5 since 2. I Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions. Environment Pollution Prevention Control Authority for the National Capital Region A Central Government constituted committee for the National Capital Region. In order to complete the task in a short period CRAES formed a core working team including Beijing Institute of Technology, China Automotive Technology and Research. Bill de Blasio Mayor Vincent Sapienza, P. E. Acting Commissioner SMART AUTO BODY AUTO REPAIR AND DISMANTLING A guide to permitting requirements, environmental. NEDC is simple and easy to duplicate, but does not well represent real road driving conditions in China. Therefore, China considered changing the test cycle either by developing its own driving cycle or by choosing an alternative. The working group compared the differences between the NEDC, the US Environmental Protection Agency EPA Federal Test Procedure FTP 7. WLTC, and found that the WLTC widely represents various driving conditions and covers a much broader engine speed and loading range Figures 2 and 3. Fig. 2. Comparison between NEDC and WLTCFig. Comparison between FTP 7. WLTCIn order to test how well the WLTC represents driving conditions in China, the working group collected driving cycles in 2. Five cars were used to chase the traffic in each city during working days covering both peak hours and off peak hours and weekends in different areas including urban, urban rural and rural areas on different roads for five days. Based on the collected data, the working group built a China Light Duty Vehicle Driving Cycle CLDC and compared the characteristics with the WLTC Figure 4 and Table I. Fig. 4. Comparison between WLTC and CLDCTable ICharacteristics of the World Harmonised Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle WLTC and China Light Duty Vehicle Driving Cycle CLDCSpeed range. Cycle. Driving distance, km. Average speed, km h1. Maximum speed, km h1. Maximum acceleration, m s2. Maximum deceleration, m s2. Relative positive acceleration. Acceleration, Deceleration, Idle, Steady, Low. WLTC3. 0. 91. 8. 9. CLDC2. 8. 51. 7. 4. Middle. WLTC4. 7. Mikes Kiara Lord. CLDC5. 1. 54. 2. 8. High. WLTC7. 1. 65. CLDC7. 0. 85. 6. 1. Ultra high. WLTC8. CLDC8. 4. 59. 4. 1. Overall. WLTC2. 3. CLDC2. 3. 5. 44. 7. Across the ten characteristics at four speed ranges the results showed the frequency with less than 1. WLTC and CLDC was 5. But some characteristics, such as idle ratio at ultra high speed, had as high as 8. The working group further tested the emissions of seven cars meeting China 4 and above with five different driving cycles including NEDC, WLTC, FTP 7. Vehicle Emission Control Center VECC 1 and CLDC. The results showed that the emissions during the WLTC were in the middle compared to the emissions with all other driving cycles. Compared to the FTP 7. WLTC produced a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants despite lower particulate concentration, indicating that the WLTC is more stringent than the FTP 7. Figure 5. The fuel consumption of two cars were also tested with the WLTC and the NEDC and compared to real road fuel consumption. In summary, WLTC resulted in higher fuel consumption than NEDC and there was also a smaller difference in the fuel consumption between WLTC and the real road at about 1. NEDC and real road fuel consumption Figure 6. Fig. 5. Emissions comparison between FTP 7. WLTC a CO b hydrocarbons and c NOx. Fig. 6. Fuel consumption comparison between WLTC, NEDC and real road driving a petrol car, 1. In addition to the analysis above, it was taken into account that China had participated in the discussion and development of the WLTC and procedure and committed to deploy the standards. Therefore the working group confirmed that WLTC would be used to replace NEDC in China 6. Tailpipe Emissions Limits and Implementation. China is facing growing challenges to clean up its air. If China continued following the European regulation, which will phase in the WLTC from 2. Euro 6c limits without further strengthening, it would be difficult for China to reduce emissions from its fast growing LDV fleet. Considering the Tier 3 emissions standards in the USA as a benchmark as well as available technologies on the market, the working group therefore suggested 4. Figure 7. Diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles were combined to comply with the same emissions limits. In addition, the standard adds particle number limits for gasoline vehicles for the first time. In order to provide enough leading time China 6 is going to be implemented in two phases China 6a by 1st July 2. China 6b by 1st July 2. Fig. 7. Limits comparison of China 5, China 6a, China 6b and Euro 6c. The feasibility of meeting the standard was evaluated by analysing China 5 vehicle type approval data and conducting emissions tests on 4. World Harmonised Light Duty Vehicle Test Procedure WLTP and the WLTC. Analysis of type approval emissions data of 8. LDV complying with China 5 after 1.